The HTTP response status code 301 Moved Permanently is used for permanent URL redirection, meaning current links or records using the URL that the response is received for should be updated. The new URL should be provided in the Location field included with the response. The 301 redirect is considered a best practice for upgrading users from HTTP to HTTPS.^[1]

RFC 2616 states that:^[2]

• If a client has link-editing capabilities, it should update all references to the Request URL.
• The response is cacheable unless indicated otherwise.
• Unless the request method was HEAD, the entity should contain a small hypertext note with a hyperlink to the new URL(s).
• If the 301 status code is received in response to a request of any type other than GET or HEAD, the client must ask the user before redirecting.

Example

Client request:

GET /index.php HTTP/1.1
Host: www.example.org

Server response:

HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Location: http://www.example.org/index.asp

Here is an example using a .htaccess file to redirect a non-secure URL to a secure address without the leading "www":

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.*)$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://%1/$1 [R=301,L]

RewriteCond %{HTTPS} on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.*)$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://%1/$1 [R=301,L]

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} 80
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://example.com/$1 [R,L] 

Here is an example using a PHP redirect:

<?php
header("HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently");
header("Location: https://example.com/newpage.html");
exit;
?>

Equivalently simple for an nginx configuration:

location /old/url/ {
    return 301 /new/url/;
}

Here is one way to redirect using Express.js:

app.all("/old/url", (req, res) => {
    res.redirect(301, "/new/url");
});

Search engines

Both Bing and Google recommend using a 301 redirect to change the URL of a page as it is shown in search engine results.^[3][4]

See also

• Hypertext Transfer Protocol
• List of HTTP status codes
• URL redirection

References

Bibliography

External links

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